Madrid

Table of Contents

Introduction & Top Questions
Physical and human geography
- The landscape
  - The city site and climate
  - The city layout
- The people
- The economy
  - Industry, commerce, and finance
  - Transportation
- Administration and social conditions
- Cultural life
History
- The early period
- Development under the Bourbon kings
- Modern Madrid

References & Edit History Related Topics

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For Students

Madrid summary

Madrid

Q: Where is Madrid?

Madrid is in central Spain. The city proper and province form a comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) within Spain.

Q: When did Madrid become the capital of Spain?

Madrid was officially made the capital of Spain in 1561 by Philip III, a generation after Philip II relocated the royal court to the city.

Q: What happened in Madrid on March 11, 2004?

On March 11, 2004, Madrid suffered a series of terrorist attack. Ten bombs, detonated by Islamist militants, exploded on four trains at three different rail stations during rush hour. The attacks killed 191 people and injured some 1,800 others.

national capital, Spain

Written by Vicente Rodriguez, Blake Ehrlich•All

Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2025 • Article History

Where is Madrid?

When did Madrid become the capital of Spain?

What happened in Madrid on March 11, 2004?

News •

Trump mistakes Spain for a member of the BRICS bloc and repeats the threat of massive tariffs • Jan. 21, 2025, 9:05 AM ET (AP)

Miami Dolphins to play in NFL's first game in Spain at home of Real Madrid • Jan. 17, 2025, 9:13 AM ET (AP)

Madrid, city, capital of Spain and of Madrid provincia (province). Spain’s arts and financial centre, the city proper and province form a comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) in central Spain. Madrid’s status as the national capital reflects the centralizing policy of the 16th-century Spanish king Philip II and his successors. The choice of Madrid, however, was also the result of the city’s previous obscurity and neutrality: it was chosen because it lacked ties with an established nonroyal power rather than because of any strategic, geographic, or economic considerations. Indeed, Madrid is deficient in other characteristics that might qualify it for a ...(100 of 4535 words)

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