Algeria

Table of Contents

Introduction & Quick Facts
Land
- Relief
  - The Tell
  - The Sahara
- Drainage
- Soils
- Climate
- Plant and animal life
People
- Ethnic groups
- Languages
- Religion
- Settlement patterns
- Demographic trends
Economy
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Resources and power
  - Hydrocarbons
  - Mining
- Manufacturing
- Finance
- Trade
- Services
- Labour and taxation
- Transportation and telecommunications
Government and society
- Constitutional framework
- Local government
- Justice
- Political process
- Security
- Health and welfare
- Housing
- Education
Cultural life
- Cultural milieu
- Daily life and social customs
- The arts
- Cultural institutions
- Sports and recreation
- Media and publishing
History
- French Algeria
  - The conquest of Algeria
  - Colonial rule
  - Nationalist movements
- World War II and the movement for independence
- The Algerian War of Independence
- Independent Algeria
  - From Ben Bella to Boumedienne
  - Bendjedid’s move toward democracy
  - Civil war: the Islamists versus the army
    - Army prevents Islamist election victories
    - Constitutional referendum and the election of Abdelaziz Bouteflika
  - Presidency of Abdelaziz Bouteflika
    - End to the civil war and amnesty for peace
    - Opposition, reform, and continued corruption
      Bouteflika’s third term and the Arab Spring protests of 2011
      Bouteflika’s fourth term, though he had suffered a stroke
  - Anti-government protests and the presidency of Abdelmadjid Tebboune
    - Resignation of Bouteflika
    - Continued protests
    - Election of Abdelmadjid Tebboune and the 2020 constitution
  - Foreign relations
    - Relations in North Africa
    - Relations with Europe

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For Students

Algeria summary

Algeria

Also known as: Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Jazāʾiriyyah al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah al-Shaʿbiyyah, People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria

Written by Keith Sutton, Salah Zaimeche•All

Fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2025 • Article History

News •

Rebel alliance in Mali says it has freed a Spanish man who was kidnapped in Algeria • Jan. 21, 2025, 2:31 AM ET (ABC News (U.S.))

Tensions between France and Algeria escalate with row over deportation of influencer • Jan. 18, 2025, 12:53 AM ET (Irish Times)

Fact Check: Algeria, Ghana, and Iceland clips misrepresented as LA fires • Jan. 17, 2025, 12:53 AM ET (Reuters)

France to decide response to Algeria 'hostility' as tensions mount - minister • Jan. 16, 2025, 12:50 AM ET (Reuters)

An Austrian woman has been kidnapped in Niger's Agadez city, authorities say • Jan. 13, 2025, 2:22 AM ET (ABC News (U.S.))

Algeria, large, predominantly Muslim country of North Africa. From the Mediterranean coast, along which most of its people live, Algeria extends southward deep into the heart of the Sahara, a forbidding desert where Earth’s hottest surface temperatures have been recorded and which constitutes more than four-fifths of the country’s area. The Sahara and its extreme climate dominate the country. The contemporary Algerian novelist Assia Djebar has highlighted the environs, calling her country “a dream of sand.” History, language, customs, and an Islamic heritage make Algeria an integral part of the Maghreb and the larger Arab world, but the country also ...(100 of 17999 words)

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