John Russell

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Galaxy clusters like Abell 2744 can act as a natural cosmic lens, magnifying light from more distant, background objects through gravity. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope may be able to detect light from the first stars in the universe if they are gravitationally lensed by such clusters. (astronomy, space exploration, galaxies)

How Fast Is the Universe Expanding?

Aerial view of Florence (Firenze), Italy from the campanile of the Duomo, with the gigantic dome (designed by Filippo Brunelleschi) in the foreground. Unidentifiable tourists are visible on top of the dome, which provide a measure of the building s scale.

25 Famous Paintings to See the Next Time You’re in Florence

solar eclipse, sun, moon, astronomy, space

How Do You Tell the Difference Between Total, Annular, Solar, and Lunar Eclipses?

Arrangement of the phases of the moon in total eclipse with Blood Moon

9 Celestial Omens

Members of the public view artwork by Damien Hirst entitled: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living - in the Tate Modern art gallery on April 2, 2012 in London, England. (see notes) (1991) Tiger shark, glass, steel

Vile or Visionary?: 11 Art Controversies of the Last Four Centuries

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Andrew Jackson delivering a speech while on his way to Washington, D.C., for his inauguration in 1829. From Harper's Weekly, 1881.

5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections

Malayan Leaf Frog - Megophrys nasuta

9 Animals That Look Like Leaves

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Why We Celebrate MLK Day

Close-up of ostriches (Struthio camelus) necks and heads; location unknown.

6 of the World's Most Dangerous Birds

Red Army (Soviet) soldiers in the Russian Revolution.

Russian Revolution Timeline

Flag of Bhutan

6 Small Kingdoms of the World

Alcoholic beverages bottles at Host 2013, international exhibition of the hospitality industry on OCTOBER 18, 2013 in Milan.

Why Is Alcohol Measured by Proof?

John Russell: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type	Description	Contributor	Date
	First paragraph modernization.	Encyclopaedia Britannica	Apr 22, 2024
	Anniversary information added.		Apr 16, 2024
	Anniversary information added.		Mar 25, 2024
	Invalidated site: Portrait of a Boy with Toy Gun.	Surabhi Sinha	Dec 04, 2014
	New article added.	Kathleen Kuiper	Nov 19, 2007